MAZDA CX-5
THE RISE OF VIETNAM
MAZDA CX-5
THE RISE OF VIETNAM
A bewitching blend of tradition and modernity, Vietnam has transformed itself from a country on the edge of collapse to one of increasing prosperity over the past 30 years. We find out how, and in our video at the end of this feature we tackle southeast Asia’s best driving road: the Hai Van Pass
Story Tommy Melville / Photography Craig Easton
The bravest citizen in Ho Chi Minh City is the honest traffic marshal. Clad in helmet and protective gear against the hurricane of scooters and cars that swarm the streets, his daily struggle to maintain order in the face of impossible odds is as inspirational as it is terrifying. The unprecedented chaos of driving in Vietnam’s second city is particularly apparent as I nudge our Mazda CX-5 through the humid morning air, intensely aware of the SUV’s pristine Soul Red Crystal Metallic skin as waves of commuters skim past on their way to work.
It’s early in the day, but Ho Chi Minh City is already ferociously busy. Architecturally, the city is a compelling mix of hyper-modern – the Bitexco Financial Tower an ever-present landmark – and French colonial past. Local shops and kiosks sell a variety of dishes, from aromatic pho soups to delicious banh mi sandwiches, and vie with global fast food chains for business.
The only (rather incongruous) reminder that Vietnam is a single-party socialist republic built on communist principles is the occasional red banner sporting the hammer and sickle.
Edging through this buzzing city, it’s difficult to imagine that 34 years ago Vietnam was a country on the brink of collapse. Mauled by three horrific wars, the World Bank says that by the mid-1980s “annual inflation was running at more than 400 per cent, the economy was on a downward slide, and the majority of the population in poverty”.
Yet today Vietnam has one of the fastest-growing GDPs in the world, a large workforce and low poverty levels, while the country is considered a specialist in fostering a start-up ecosystem. We’re in Vietnam to discover more about this astonishing turnaround, meet those involved in the nation’s recent success and take the CX-5 on a tour of the country, including the Hai Van Pass, one of southeast Asia’s most legendary driving roads.
The Bitexco Financial Tower (top) dominates the skyline of Ho Chi Minh City
Our first port of call is Dr Trung Nguyen, Senior Lecturer at RMIT University’s School of Business and Management (pictured below). The university’s Ho Chi Minh campus is a modern construction crafted from concrete and glass, and over a cup of mint tea in an airy canteen he wastes no time in describing how the Vietnamese government went about rebuilding the country.
The story begins in 1986 at the 6th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, held in the capital, Hanoi. It was then that the forward-thinking leadership, led by freshly elected General Secretary Nguyen Van Linh, designed a range of economic reforms – called the Doi Moi – which was to act as a blueprint for Vietnam’s recovery. The aim was to open the country to the world.
Dr Trung describes how the government was inspired by other Asian states (principally Japan, Taiwan and South Korea) to produce a hybrid socialist-orientated market economy, allowing demand and supply to influence things, rather than official policy. In 1987, the government passed a “progressive” law allowing foreign investment into the country, and a “significant milestone” was achieved in 1994 when the US lifted its Vietnam trade embargo. After that, the milestones came thick and fast
“Careful domestic expenditure has achieved an average GDP growth rate of 6.78 per cent over the past 30 years which, according to the World Bank, is among the fastest in the world.”
Rehabilitation
The country subsequently signed 12 multilateral and bilateral trading agreements, joined numerous intergovernmental organisations (it is the Chair of the 2020 Association of Southeast Asian Nations summit) and in January started a two-year term as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. In 2019, Hanoi hosted a meeting between US President Donald Trump and Supreme Leader of North Korea, Kim Jong Un.
With global rehabilitation has come significant foreign interest (the UN World Investment Report in 2018 put Vietnam in the top 20 countries for foreign investment). This, combined with careful domestic expenditure, has achieved an average GDP growth rate of 6.78 per cent over the past 30 years which, according to the World Bank, is “among the fastest in the world”.
This growth has hugely benefited many of the Vietnamese people. Extreme poverty fell from 58 per cent in 1993 to three per cent in 2015, and the average household income climbed from $95 per year in 1990 to $2,564 in 2018. The World Bank estimates that by 2035 “more than half the Vietnamese people will be part of the global middle class”. Dr Trung confirms that “people’s living standards have improved significantly”.
Vietnam has also established itself as a great place to form a business, with tens of thousands of start-up companies currently in operation. To find out more about the start-up scene, we make a hair-raising dash across town to meet two entrepreneurs. The temperature has risen perceptibly and we are soon cutting through streets crammed with tiny shops, selling everything from bicycle tyres to white goods. It’s obvious that while Vietnam’s sustained growth has been manufactured by policy, this hasn’t created the kind of synthetic, sanitised city found elsewhere in Asia.
“YOU NOTICE THE ENTHUSIASM HERE. THERE’S A HEARTBEAT. ONE OF THE REASONS I CHOSE TO START SOUL STORY HERE IS THAT I FELL IN LOVE WITH HO CHI MINH CITY. IT’S NOT PERFECT, BUT THERE’S SO MUCH POTENTIAL AND PEOPLE ARE HUNGRY FOR SUCCESS.”
Vivian Story
Vivian Story is the Korean-Canadian founder of Soul Story Skincare (pictured on the right), which produces cosmetic products made from “high-quality, pure and powerful ingredients”. Julie Huynh, who is Vietnamese born but was raised in California (pictured here on the left), is the Marketing and Operations Manager at Rita Phil, one of a small handful of online companies that offer custom-tailored clothing for women.
Neither Vivian nor Julie grew up in Vietnam, but both moved to Ho Chi Minh City to start their businesses. Julie says she was attracted by the “levels of growth happening in Vietnam” and that Southeast Asia is touted in California as “the next hub” of the global start-up scene. This, combined with the ease with which you can start a business in Vietnam, made it an obvious move. She tells us: “The government is very willing to help domestic growth; it’s doing a good job. The barrier to entry is very low and the people are just so welcoming.”
Vivian agrees, adding the vitality of Vietnam makes it an inspiring place to launch a start-up: “You notice the enthusiasm here. There’s a heartbeat. One of the reasons I chose to start Soul Story here is that I fell in love with Ho Chi Minh City. It’s not perfect, but there’s so much potential and people are hungry for success.”
In early 2019, having met through the start-up scene, Vivian and Julie launched The Beehive, a collective pop-up that promotes female entrepreneurs in Vietnam. Acting primarily as “a platform for distribution”, the group puts on quarterly events where women sell their products, network and seek advice. It’s been a huge success, creating “a community spirit in a city where there is such intense competition”, and each event has grown in popularity.
As we part, Julie makes the observation that Vietnam’s rise “goes together” with the success of the start-up sector. They drive each other, and “as people see more successful start-ups come out of Vietnam, it gives others hope that they too can succeed”. The result is a self-perpetuating cycle of success.
We have only a short time in Ho Chi Minh City, so head for District 2 to watch the sun go down behind the city’s skyline, silhouetted on the opposite bank of the Saigon River. It seems the majority of the eight million scooters registered in the city have had the same idea, and it’s a genuine pleasure to watch the locals – from businessmen and women to schoolchildren – mingling among the food stalls and enjoying the warm air. The ever-present sound of construction provides the soundtrack.
The next day we head north to the coastal city of Da Nang, which has become something of a poster child for Vietnam’s expansion. With a vibrant food scene, beautiful beach and booming economy, it is attracting investment and tourism on a huge scale. En route, I consider how Dr Trung had been keen to highlight that while Vietnam has come a long way in the past three decades, a number of challenges remain for the country. A scan of the World Bank’s 2015 report ‘Vietnam 2035’ highlights hurdles the country has to clear if the upward trajectory of prosperity is to be maintained.
For a start, the demographic statistics are a cause for concern. While the current population structure means there is a huge number of people of working age driving growth, the population under 15 has fallen and in the future, there may not be the numbers to replace the ageing workforce. In addition, Vietnam has a coastline of 1,800km, so climate change is an issue, but according to the Institute for Energy Economics And Financial Analysis, Vietnam “aims to produce 10.7 per cent of electricity from renewable sources by 2030”.
We arrive in Da Nang, but can’t resist the chance to head 20 minutes up the coast to tackle the famous Hai Van Pass. The road is a blend of tight mountain turns, sudden straights and stunning scenery, the sky and South China Sea framing Da Nang’s skyscrapers to the southeast. The pass was once the main road north to Hue, but rising traffic levels due to the country’s growth meant that in 2005 it was replaced by the more direct Hai Van Tunnel.
The undoubted highlight of any road trip across Vietnam is the mountainous Hai Van Pass, a historically important, dramatic piece of road that connects the north and south of the country. Swirling mists rising from the sea give it an otherworldly vibe.
Today, the 20km road is the playground of the motoring enthusiast, and thrums with a wild variety of vehicles enjoying the drive and scenery. Near the top of the pass, a collection of small shops nestles below a number of concrete bunkers, allegedly built by the French but apparently used by US forces during Vietnam’s war with America. Bullet holes riddle the structures, and bear testament to the fighting the area experienced. We relish the opportunity to put the car through its paces and enjoy its superb driving dynamics before a run into town.
In Da Nang, we find a microcosm of all that has made Vietnam a success over the past three decades. In 2019, it beat cities in 24 countries to win the ASOCIO (Asian-Oceanian Computing Industry Organization) Smart City Award, which considers a city’s “happiness index, smart infrastructure, economic growth, education and development research”. Tourism is booming (there are 22 daily flights from South Korea) as is construction, with large chunks of shoreline earmarked for five-star development.
Da Nang is a frantic city, but there are plenty of places to escape the fearsome traffic
“A POSITIVE VIBE IS APPARENT EVERYWHERE IN DA NANG, FROM THE ASTONISHING STONE WORKSHOPS AT THE MARBLE MOUNTAINS TO THE HAN RIVER”
Taking in the extraordinary stone workshops at the Marble Mountains, with their rows of colossal figurines, I’m amazed at how deftly Vietnam blends tradition with the future. Along the Han River at twilight, pleasure boats coated in technicolor neon lights chug up and down the waterway, passing under garishly lit bridges. One, shaped like a dragon, breathes fire. The positive, friendly vibe we have encountered everywhere in Vietnam permeates. People go about their Saturday night and I consider what the country has achieved and the challenges it faces.
Yes, Vietnam’s transition has been remarkable, but whether it can be sustained is another matter, and the country will have to redouble its efforts to consolidate its achievements and develop further. It’ll be fascinating seeing how the story evolves, but judging on past performance, you wouldn’t bet against it.
Watch our video of the CX-5 on the Hai Van Pass